Minggu, 19 Februari 2012

History of Computers


Computers come and Latin languages​​, coniputare, which means the count (to compute), because at the beginning of manufacture of the first computer designed and used for calculation purposes. inspiration drawn from the oldest counting tool, namely Abaccus (300 BC) or better known as the abacus is derived from the land of China.

Electronic computers

Howard G. Aiken, a doctor and Harvard University (1937). Work with IBM (International Bussiness Machine corp).
Managed to create a machine that works with the electromagnetic force, named Harvard Mark-I. Computer generation of its total weight is about 5 tons with the ability to make the calculation of the number 23 digits for 6 seconds.
computers still use most of the initial creation of the Von Neumann architecture proposed in the early 1940's by. louis john von Neumann (1903-1957). The concept of computer architecture is the division into two. in outline, the memory and the processor where the data lies in the memory and the processor is manipulating data that illustrates a computer architecture with three main parts: the CPU with arihtmatic Logic Unit (ALU) and Control Unit, Memory, Input devices Output Device (which connected through I / O Port). Between sections are connected by sisterm called bus.

 
A physicist named John V. Atanasoft working with Clifford Berry is credited with creating the first digital electronic computer (1942-1973) Atanasoft-Berry computer (called ABC) is the first computer to use modern digital switching techniques and also a hollow tube with no switches. Computer introduces the concept of binary arithmetic and logic circuits.

In 1943. ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer,) introduced the first electronic computer designed full-turing komplete (fully qualified machine), can be reprogrammed by rearranging the cord in order to resolve any kind of calculation.
On October 19, 1973. after a long trial. U.S. Federal Judge, R. Erl Larson legally formalize the existence of ABC as the first digital electronic computer to cancel the ENIAC patent and Eckert and Mauchly, and set Anatasoft as the inventor of the first electronic digital computer.
Before the ENIAC was preceded by the work of Konrad Zuse z3 which can be programmed with a tape (cassette) in full, is mechanical and is supported by the British-made computer Colossus. Although it has been fully electronic computer, but not used for general corporate purposes. especially during World War II that Germany is quite isolated so that the computer is not known to the world.
ENIAC was developed and built by the U.S. Army for their weapons research lab in order to calculate tables of gunfire. thought and ideas about ENIAC was designed by J. Presper Eckert and John William Mauchly of the University of Pennsylvania. The computer was built on May 17, 1943 as Project PX and built at the Moore School of Electrical Engineering since mid-1944 and officially operated since February 1946 after swallowing a cost of $ 500,000.
ENIAC was then turned off on 9 November 1946 to be updated and improved memory. He disclosed to the public on February 14, 1946 at the University of Pennsylvania and moved to Aberdeen Proving Grounds. Maiyland, in 1947. On July 29, 1947 ENIAC was turned on and continue to operate until 23:45 pm on October 2
Of 1955.
ENIAC get extensive coverage because the size is very large. He has 17 468 vacuum tubes, 7,200 crystal diodes, 1,500 transmitters, 70.000.resistor, 100,000 capacitors and around 5 million hand-soldered connections. It weighs 27 tons and measure 2.4 mx 0.9 mx 30 m. ENIAC took an area of
​​about 167 m2 and the energy consumption of 160 kW.
ANIAC is not a sophisticated computer era. Unlike artificial Konrad Zuse's Z3 and MARK-I made Howard G. Aiken. ENIAC cord should be reset to run the new program, while the Z3 dan0000000 MARK-I run a program from tape. Furthermore, unlike the Z3 and other modern computers, ENIAC perform calculations in decimal, not a binary.

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